Air Quality Geospatial Analysis in Vulnerable Areas – Valencia (Spain)

Air pollution is a critical environmental and public health issue, particularly in urban areas where high population densities and traffic emissions exacerbate air quality problems. This case study investigates air quality in Valencia, Spain, with a specific focus on vulnerable populations who are more susceptible to the adverse effects of pollution. The research aims to assess the distribution of NO₂ (Nitrogen Dioxide) concentrations using passive dosimetry techniques and geospatial analysis methods to identify high‑risk areas.

The methodology consists of data collection using passive diffusion tubes, strategically placed in different locations across Valencia to measure NO₂ concentration levels. These measurements were then analysed through Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to create spatial distribution maps and evaluate pollution levels across various urban sectors. Additionally, statistical modelling was used to correlate NO₂ levels with demographic and socioeconomic factors, providing insight into which communities face the greatest exposure to air pollution.

Findings indicate that areas with high vehicular traffic and dense urban environments present significantly higher NO₂ concentration levels, particularly in neighbourhoods with a high percentage of elderly residents and children. These groups are more vulnerable due to their increased susceptibility to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, urban areas with poor green infrastructure and inadequate ventilation corridors exhibited persistent pollution hotspots, reinforcing the need for improved urban planning and environmental policies.

Beyond identifying problem areas, the study also explored potential mitigation strategies, including the implementation of low‑emission zones (LEZs), expansion of green spaces, and improvements in public transport networks to reduce car dependency. Furthermore, policymakers are encouraged to adopt real‑time air quality monitoring systems and strengthen public awareness campaigns regarding pollution exposure risks.

The produced impact

The results showed high vulnerability in areas with heavy traffic and centralized facilities. Critical areas requiring intervention to reduce NO₂ exposure were identified, enabling local authorities to prioritise remediation efforts and allocate resources more effectively to protect the most at‑risk communities.

Key lessons learnt

The study highlights the importance of implementing mitigation strategies in high‑pollution areas and the need for urban planning focused on environmental equity. By combining spatial analysis, environmental monitoring and public health assessments, this research provides a comprehensive framework for local authorities to enhance air quality management and mitigate environmental injustices.