“Safety : The state of being away from hazards caused by natural forces or human errors randomly. The source of hazard is formed by natural forces and/or human errors. Security : The state of being away from hazards caused by deliberate intention of human to cause harm. The source of hazard is posed by human deliberately.” (Nas, 2015)

Both aspects are critical for passenger confidence, operational efficiency, and public trust in transport networks. Addressing these issues requires a combination of infrastructure design, regulations, technology, and awareness initiatives. Ensuring a safe and secure environment for all users, including vulnerable groups, supports the wider adoption of public transport and contributes to sustainable urban mobility.

Key challenges

• Safety risks: Road traffic collisions, vehicle malfunctions, and unsafe infrastructure can endanger passengers and road users.
• Security threats: Incidents such as vandalism, harassment, theft, and terrorist attacks create fear and discourage public transport use.
• Perceived vs. actual risks: While data may indicate low crime rates, concerns over personal security (especially at night or in isolated areas) can still deter passengers.
• Enforcement and response: Ensuring sufficient law enforcement presence and rapid response to incidents remains a challenge in many transport systems.

Common practices

• Regulations and technical standards: Setting and enforcing safety requirements for vehicles, infrastructure, and operations to minimize accidents.
• Traffic calming and urban design: Implementing measures such as pedestrian zones, improved crossings, and speed restrictions to enhance safety.
• Security monitoring and deterrents: Installing surveillance cameras, emergency call points, and increasing staff presence to improve security.
• Awareness campaigns: Educating the public on safety measures, emergency procedures, and crime prevention strategies.
• Collaboration with stakeholders: Coordinating efforts between transport authorities, law enforcement, and community groups to address security concerns effectively.

Relevance to public transport and UPPER

Increasing safety and security of road and non-road users are key components for active modes of transport and the use of public transport.